Art Elective Programme
The Art Elective Programme in junior colleges is offered as a two-year programme to junior college students with the aptitude and passion for art. It is offered in Hwa Chong Institution, Nanyang Junior College, and National Junior College. Singaporean students under the programme are eligible for the Music Elective Scholarship (MES) offered by the Ministry of Education.[26]
Kata junior termasuk kata apa?
Kata junior adalah Kata Adjektiva (kata sifat).
Joint Admission Exercise (JAE)
The Joint Admission Exercise (JAE) is an admission exercise for Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level result holders to gain admission to post-secondary institutes, namely junior colleges, centralised institutes, polytechnics and institutes of technical education.
School fees, financial assistance, and scholarships
Singaporean students in most junior colleges and centralised institutes pay subsidised school fees of S$6 and up to S$27 per month for miscellaneous fees.[28] However, independent junior colleges require Singaporean students to pay fees from about S$300 to S$600 per month.[29][30][31][32]
For Singaporean students in need attending non-independent junior colleges, they are able to apply for the MOE Financial Assistance Scheme (FAS), where their school fees are subsidised depending on their household's monthly gross income and their monthly per capita income.[33] Similarly, Singaporean students who attend independent junior colleges and require financial assistance can apply for the MOE Independent School Bursary (ISB),[33] as well as the UPLIFT Scholarship, depending on their household's monthly gross income and their monthly per capita income.[34]
Singaporean students who are attending independent junior colleges qualify for the Edusave scholarships for Independent Schools (ESIS) at the Pre-University 1 level, if they had not already been awarded it at Secondary 1 or Secondary 3. These are usually awarded to students whose score falls within the 95th percentile from the O-levels or who meet the cut-off score for the ESIS and are admitted to an independent junior college through the DSA.[35]
There are also a number of MOE pre-university scholarships awarded to academically able students who choose to pursue their education at a junior college, providing yearly scholarship allowance and remission of school fees. This includes the Pre-University Scholarship, which provides a scholarship allowance of S$750 per annum.[36] This also includes scholarships for students pursuing specific programmes such as the Humanities Scholarship, Art Elective Scholarship, Music Elective Scholarship, and others. They typically provide scholarship allowances of S$1000 per annum in addition to a remission of school fees, subject to an annual cap of S$2400.[37]
Additionally, there are several awards and bursaries awarded to junior college students for their good character, leadership qualities, and improvement in academic performance, among others.[38]
What does a year in college in the US actually look like for a soccer player?
Music Elective Programme
The Music Elective Programme (MEP) in junior colleges is offered as a two-year programme to junior college students with the aptitude and passion for music. It is offered in Anglo-Chinese Junior College, Anglo-Chinese School (Independent), Dunman High School, Eunoia Junior College, Raffles Institution, and Temasek Junior College. Singaporean students under the programme are eligible for the Music Elective Scholarship (MES) offered by the Ministry of Education.[27]
Kata-kata di KBBI yang dekat dari junior
Tip: doubleclick kata di atas untuk mencari cepat
[junior] Arti junior di KBBI adalah: lebih muda, khususnya antara dua orang bersaudara (kakak beradik) atau antara bapak dan anak yang mempunyai.... Lihat arti dan definisi di jagokata.
Database utama KBBI merupakan Hak Cipta Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kemdikbud (Pusat Bahasa)
junior college, educational institution that provides two years of academic instruction beyond secondary school, as well as technical and vocational training to prepare graduates for careers. Public junior colleges are often called community colleges. Such colleges are in many ways an extension of the public-school system, providing terminal education (vocational and semiprofessional training) for many students and providing the first two years of undergraduate college study to others. Junior colleges usually also offer a variety of flexible programs that are nontraditional in style and content. They have pioneered in offering part-time study, evening sessions, instruction by television, weekend workshops, and other services for members of their communities.
The history of the junior college as an organized institution began early in the 20th century. William Rainey Harper, the first president of the University of Chicago, was the father of the junior college. Harper organized the new university in Chicago into two divisions—a senior and a junior college—in the 1890s. He was later influential in the establishment of junior colleges in Illinois and elsewhere. The first public junior college was founded in Joliet, Ill., in 1901 under Harper’s influence. In 1907 California introduced the public two-year college. Under its state-wide system that makes junior colleges branches of the state university, California enrolled in community colleges nearly half of all its college students. By 1915 there were more than 70 junior colleges in the United States. In the early 1920s there were more than 200 such schools, and the American Association of Junior Colleges (later American Association of Community and Junior Colleges) was organized. During the Depression of the 1930s, they helped meet the need for less costly public higher education. Growth after World War II accelerated, stimulated by a large influx of returning veteran-students and of federal funds and local support for higher education and vocational training. By the late 20th century there were more than 1,200 junior colleges in the United States, with a total enrollment making up about 40 percent of all undergraduate enrollment in the nation.
Public community colleges are usually controlled by local, municipal, or state governments. They typically follow liberal admissions policies, offering instruction to all secondary-school graduates or even to any adults who might benefit from such instruction. Most community colleges charge nominal or no fees and tuition. They provide a wide range of services to residents and organizations of their community or school district. In addition to academic subjects for undergraduates earning credits for graduation or for transfer to a four-year school, a typical community college catalog may offer instruction in such practical topics as auto repair, retirement planning, or computer skills. Many schools will organize a special course on any subject for which there is a demand.
education: Changes in higher education
Graduates of community and junior colleges ordinarily earn an associate degree. The degree most awarded is the associate in arts (A.A.); others include associate in applied science and associate in business administration. Programs following the U.S. model have been introduced in other countries, including Canada, the Philippines, and Japan.
The schools have been criticized for giving too much attention to topics of immediate and practical interest to the disadvantage of rigorous education in the disciplines of higher education. They have been defended, on the other hand, as institutions that provide democratic educational opportunities not available elsewhere and that serve their communities as resource centres for lifelong learning.
Integrated Programme (IP)
The Integrated Programme (IP) is a 6-year programme that allows students who perform well in the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) to skip the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level (O-level) examination, and proceed directly to a Junior College to sit for the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level (A-level) examination, International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB), or an equivalent examination, after 6 years. Depending on which IP school they enter, the student may either study for 6 years within the same school which functions as both a secondary school and junior college, or study for 4 years in a secondary school before moving to a separate but affiliated junior college for the next 2 years.
Type of post-secondary educational institution
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
In Bangladesh, after completing the tenth-grade board exam (Secondary School Certificate), students attend two years of junior college, named intermediate college. After passing the SSC exam, students can apply for their desired colleges, where they study in three groups, namely Science, Humanities and Commerce, for two years. After that, students sit for Higher Secondary Certificate at the end of their second year in intermediate College.
In India, junior colleges are higher secondary educational institutions that offer higher secondary education (Class 11th-12th), similar to Senior Secondary Schools or High Schools. However, unlike schools in India, which typically provide education from Nursery through Class 12th, these institutions are solely focused on higher secondary education (Class 11th-12th). While the majority of national and state boards in India offer continuous schooling from Nursery to Class 12th, some state boards, such as those in Telangana, Maharashtra, Odisha, Assam, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh, have a system where students must apply to junior colleges after completing Class 10th board exams (SSLC/ SSC) to continue their education in Class 11th and 12th. In these states, junior colleges are commonly referred to as Pre-University Colleges (PUC), Intermediate Colleges, or Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) institutions. Additionally, junior colleges are often co-located with Degree Colleges or Secondary Schools.
In Japan after World War II, junior colleges (短期大学) typically provide two-year courses of study but may also provide a three-year course of study. Students who complete the course of study at a junior college are entitled to an associate degree or diploma. In Japan before World War II, there were three years of national junior colleges (旧制高校).
In the Netherlands, junior college is equivalent to MBO (middle-level vocational education). The MBO lasts one to four years, depending on the level. There are 4 levels offered to students:
At all levels, MBO offers 2 possible pathways: a school-based education, where training within a company takes between 20 and 59% of the curriculum, or an apprenticeship education, where this training represents more than 60% of the study time. Both paths lead to the same certification. Students in MBO are mostly between 16 and 35. Students of the "apprenticeship" path are overall older (25+). After MBO (4 years), pupils can enroll in HBO (higher professional education) or enter the job market.[1]
In Singapore, a Junior College (JC) is equivalent to a sixth form college in the United Kingdom. After the GCE 'O' level examinations in Secondary 4 or 5, students may apply for admission to either a JC or a polytechnic. The two years spent in a JC culminate in a GCE 'A' level certificate, which is the most common qualification used for university admission.
In the past, secondary schools offered both 'O' and 'A' Levels and students in classes studying for the 'A' Levels were known as the "Pre-University" class. During the 1980s and 1990s, the government began the process of transferring all 'A' Level courses to centralised JCs. At present, students finish their 'O' Levels at a secondary school and may choose to take the 'A' Levels at a JC or as a private candidate.
In South Korea, junior colleges (Korean: 전문대학) typically provide 2-year courses of study but may also provide a 3-year course of study if permitted by presidential decree.[2] Students who complete the course of study at a junior college are entitled to an associate degree or diploma.[3] Junior colleges are also permitted, subject to presidential decree, to offer "advanced major courses" for their students that will lead to a bachelor's degree.[4] Junior colleges in South Korea include Yeungjin College and Jeonbuk Science College.
In the United States, a junior college is a (usually intermediate) two-year post-secondary school whose main purpose is to provide academic, vocational and professional education. The highest certificate offered by such schools is usually an associate degree, although junior college students may continue their education at a four-year university or college, transferring some or all of the credits earned at the junior college toward the degree requirements of the four-year school.[5]
The term "junior college" historically referred to all pre- or non-bachelor's degree (4-year) granting post-secondary schools; however, many public junior colleges, which typically aim to serve a local community, have replaced "junior" with "community" in their names. Thus, most self-identified junior colleges in the United States today are private institutions, although only a small percentage of all two-year institutions are private.[6]
Private junior colleges in the United States reached their peak numbers in the 1940s, and have been declining ever since.[6] In the course of the 20th century, many public and private junior colleges evolved into four-year colleges, in some cases passing through an intermediary period as a four-year junior college; institutions that followed this trajectory include Westminster College in Salt Lake City and Shimer College in Mt. Carmel, Illinois.
Junior colleges in the United States have long had to contend with a reputation for lower academic standards. The concept can be traced back 100 years to the original public junior college, Joliet Junior College, which was established in a high school as the equivalent of thirteenth and fourteenth grades, to prepare qualified students for the final two years of college.[7] To some extent, this is inherent in the junior college mission of providing practical education to students who for various reasons fall outside the typical profile of a four-year college student (for example, someone who has graduated from high school and spent several years working in a relatively unskilled job). Over the years, such colleges developed a reputation as schools of last resort.[8] According to federal statistics, 42% of public community college freshmen take remedial courses.[9] This does not necessarily affect their future transfer prospects: a junior college graduate with good grades can generally transfer to a four-year school and go on to obtain a full bachelor's degree. There is a growing movement of students who are attending junior colleges to save significant sums of money in the first two years of a four-year education.[10]
Certain junior colleges also serve as incubators for college athletes, particularly in basketball and football; in sports parlance, they are sometimes referred to as "juco"s.[11] A talented player who would not meet the academic standards of a major college program may be able to play for two years in junior college, establishing an academic record in the process, and then transfer to a major college.[11] This process has occasionally resulted in scandals, often involving the academics of the student athletes.[11]
In the United States, a military junior college allows cadets to become commissioned officers in the armed forces reserve in two years, instead of the usual four. The students must go on to complete a bachelor's degree before serving as regular officers on active duty.
There are currently four military junior colleges:
Why would I go to a Junior College?
There are 2 main reasons that an athlete would go to a junior college. The first is if they are ineligible to go to university with their academic results. Junior Colleges often have lower grade requirements to qualify, therefore can be a good option for anyone who didn’t get the grades they expected in their exams.
If we see an athlete with potential to go to a big division 1 school but don’t quite have the tournament results needed yet, we would recommend going to a junior college to develop their athletics. The results gained during the athletes time there will really help to be recruited by a University in 2 years time.
Coaches tend to recruit their international players from junior colleges as they will have already proved that they are able to move away from home, put in good results and keep up with their academics.
What are the benefits?
In junior College, the campus and classes are a lot smaller. This creates a closer-knit community, perfect for those who have never lived away from home before.
For those athletes with a smaller budget, it can also be a great option. If you improve your playing throughout your time there, it will open up bigger scholarship opportunities from universities. Want to know more about Juco? Check out the NJCAA website here.
If you’re considering attending Junior College or University in America, or would just like some more information, please contact us here.
Type of pre-university educational institution in Singapore
This article is about the class of pre-university institutions in Singapore. For the larger class of instutitions that includes
Junior colleges (JC) are pre-university institutions in Singapore that offer two-year pre-university courses that leads to either the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level (A-Level) or the International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB - offered by only Anglo-Chinese School, School of the Arts, Singapore Sports School, and St. Joseph’s Institution).[1] Admission to junior college is based on attaining an aggregate raw score of 20 points or less in the O-Level examination.
The junior college system was first introduced at the end of the 1960s as a standardisation of all pre-university courses offered by various high schools in Singapore. It aims to offer a challenging environment for students to develop their talents, both academically and non-academically.[2]
The educational blueprint of a junior college system was first made public by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew in May 1965, terming it as a "super secondary boarding school". The first junior college, subsequently named National Junior College, was the first specialised co-educational government school established in independent Singapore for pre-university students.[3][4][5]
In December 1965, then-Minister for Education Ong Pang Boon announced that the centralised "junior college" system would replace the pre-university education that are formerly conducted at various middle schools across the state, in order to optimise the use of teachers and laboratory facilities and open up more educational opportunities for pre-university students.[6] National Junior College was officially declared open by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew on 14 May 1970.[7][8]
In 1970, the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCCI) collaborated with the Singapore government to fund the establishment of two junior colleges. Mr Tan Keong Choon, a prominent businessman and the managing director of the board of The Chinese High School was appointed to oversee the project, estimated to cost S$2.2 million of which half of the total funds is to be funded by SCCCI. In 1974, Hwa Chong Junior College was officially inaugurated as the first government-aided junior college in Singapore.[9]
With the graduation of the last batch of pre-university classes from various high schools, pre-university courses were officially ceased at all high schools by 1975.[10]
In the past, there used to be two intakes, namely the Provisional Admission Exercise (PAE) and the Joint Admissions Exercise (JAE). However, from the 2009 academic year onwards, a single intake system is being implemented with the O-level examinations being brought forward to minimise movement and excessive administration work involved in the two-intake system. [citation needed]
Junior colleges accept students based on their "L1R5" aggregate grading attained in the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level examination. The term L1R5 refers to the aggregate scores attained from the individual subject grades of a first language and five relevant content subjects in the examination. A raw L1R5 score of 20 points or less must be attained for a student to gain admission to a junior college. Lower aggregate is considered better, i e. 7 aggregate score is better than aggregate score 10.[11] There are two ways to be admitted into a junior college: either through the traditional Joint Admissions Exercise (JAE) or through the less common Direct School Admission (DSA).[1]
Direct School Admission (DSA)
The Direct School Admission (DSA) exercise is an annual standardised discretionary admission programmes, which students apply directly to the various colleges for placement on the basis of talent which can range from the academic to the cultural and performing arts to sports.[12] Upon acceptance, students will be automatically admitted to the college irrespective of the year's JAE cut-off score, although students will still have to meet the minimum criterion of scoring an L1R5 of below 20 points for entrance into a junior college.[13]
From January 2006, the two-year and three-year university curriculum framework in pre-university centres was replaced with a new and revised curriculum, with the pioneer batch of students sitting for the GCE A-level examinations in 2007. In this newly enforced curriculum, the system of categorising subjects according to "Alternative Ordinary (AO)", "Advanced (A)" and "Special (S)" papers or levels has been replaced with the Higher 1 (H1), Higher 2 (H2) and Higher 3 (H3) categories respectively.
H1 and H3 subjects are worth 1 Academic Unit (AU), while H2 subjects are worth 2 AUs. Students are expected to take a minimum of 10 AUs (viz. 3H2+1H1) and a maximum of 12 AUs (viz. 4H2+1H3 or 3H2+2H3), inclusive of Mother Tongue Language (MTL), Project Work and General Paper or Knowledge & Inquiry. However, there have been exceptions; a very small number of outstanding students have been granted approval by MOE to take 13 AUs. Students who have taken the Higher Mother Tongue language paper at the O-level and have obtained a minimum grade of 'D7' are exempted from taking formal MTL lessons and examinations in JC1. However, they are still required to attend MTL-related enrichment and cannot replace the MTL academic unit with another subject, as MTL is still regarded as an integral component of the curriculum.
From 2026, PW and the fourth content-based subject (H1 or H2) will not be counted in the calculation of University Admission Score.[14]
In tandem with the MOE's aim of achieving more depth rather than mere breadth, the H1 and H2 categories complement each other; in general, a subject taken at H1 is half the breadth of that taken at H2, but is of the same depth and difficulty.
As such, an H1 paper can theoretically be said to be half of the content of an H2 paper albeit being at equal depth and difficulty (as opposed to how "AO" level subjects were merely easier papers than the A-level subjects previously). Consequently, this new grouping system bears some resemblance to the International Baccalaureate Diploma A1/A2/SL/HL grouping system.
The new curriculum framework gives students more choice of subjects to choose from and enables more permutations of subject combinations. However, students are now required to take up at least one contrasting subject - i.e. Science students have to take up at least one Arts subject, usually Economics, while Arts students must take up at least one Science-based subject, usually Mathematics. This was in contrast to the old curriculum which was criticised for being too specialised and unholistic. For example, subjects previously not available to Arts/Humanities students such as Physics, Chemistry and Biology are now made possible at both H1 and H2 levels, while Science students now have more choice of doing an Arts/Humanities subject (such as Literature) at either H1 or H2 level. Alternatively, students can choose to take up a new subject, Knowledge & Inquiry, in lieu of the General Paper (GP) as a contrasting subject, as Knowledge & Inquiry (KI) is designed to expose students to epistemology as well as to the construction and nature of knowledge, thus calling for the need to learn across disciplines such as Mathematics, the Sciences and the Humanities. KI is said to be similar to the IB Diploma's Theory of Knowledge paper, albeit with a 2500-3000-word Independent Study research paper, in addition to a sit-in examination paper. Due to its intensive nature, KI is classified as an H2 subject instead of an H1 subject like the General Paper (GP).
The "highest" level subjects, the H3 subjects, are meant to be more pragmatic and promote critical thinking unlike the previous "S" Papers. Under the revised curriculum, H3 subjects are examined either in the form of Research Papers (be it by Cambridge, or by local Universities), Research work (such as the HSSRP and A*Star Research Programmes) or (advanced) University Modules offered by the various local Universities which are approved by the MOE. Consequently, students are able to gain extra credits and skip several modules in the University with the H3 paper done with their other GCE A-level subjects. However, in order to do an H3 subject, students must be offering the corresponding subject at H2 level. H3 subjects are not offered in Millennia Institute.
The subjects offered under the current Singapore-Cambridge GCE A-level Examinations are:[15]
Others: H3 Subjects: 1. Research Programmes: Humanities and Social Sciences Research Programme (HSSRP) by National University of Singapore (NUS), NUS Science Research Programme (NUS H3 SRP), H3-STaR Science Research Programme (only offered to students of NJC), H3 NAV Science Research Programme (only offered to students of VJC). 2.University Modules: Modules such as "Geopolitics: Geographies of War and Peace" for Geography and History students and "Game Theory" for Economics students are offered and examined by the National University of Singapore and the Singapore Management University respectively. Nanyang Technological University also offers several modules such as Molecular Biology.
Previously, students took two subjects at "Alternative Ordinary" level ("AO" level), namely their General Paper (GP) and Mother Tongue, and three or four subjects at "A" level. "A" level subjects include Economics, Mathematics, Further Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English Literature, History, Geography, Art, Art with Higher Art (A-level) taken by students in the Art Elective Programme, Theatre Studies and Drama, Computing, Higher Chinese, Chinese (A-level) Language Elective Programme, Music (A-level), Music with Higher Music (A-Level) taken by students in the Music Elective Programme, General Studies in Chinese, French, German, Japanese (A-level), Malay (A-level), Tamil (A-level). Project Work was also made compulsory from 2003.
To gain admittance to local universities, students must pass either General Paper (GP) or Knowledge & Inquiry (KI) and obtain a minimum grade of S for the "AO" or "H1" level Mother Tongue Language paper. The grade obtained for the Higher Mother Tongue paper taken at "O" level may be used in lieu of an "AO" or "H1" level Mother Tongue Language grade. Since 2008, the scores of a student's three H2 and one H1 subject are computed inclusive of Project Work (PW) and either GP or KI for admittance into local universities (namely NUS, NTU, SMU and SUSS).
The Humanities Programme is a pre-university programme under the Ministry of Education offered at junior colleges and integrated programme schools.[16] Formerly the Promsho programme (pre-university cum overseas undergraduate scholarship for the study of humanities at Oxbridge), the programme was formally introduced in Hwa Chong Junior College and Raffles Junior College in 1981.[17] The programme is currently offered in the following junior colleges: Anglo-Chinese Junior College, Anglo-Chinese School (Independent), Catholic Junior College, Eunoia Junior College, Hwa Chong Institution, National Junior College, Raffles Institution, Temasek Junior College, and Victoria Junior College.[16]
Applicants for the Humanities Programme must attain at least a B3 in English for the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level examination or equivalent.[16] Every student under the Humanities Programme must offer H2 English Literature as a core subject, and offer two other Humanities subjects, as well as one contrasting subject.[18] Singaporean students under the programme are eligible for the Humanities Scholarship offered by the Ministry of Education.[16]
Language Elective Programmes
The Chinese Language Elective Programme (CLEP) was introduced in 1990 in Hwa Chong Junior College[19] and Temasek Junior College.[20] It aims to deepen the field of study of the use of Chinese Language and understanding of contemporary and traditional Chinese literary texts and works. Currently, five junior colleges offer the Chinese Language Elective Programme: Dunman High School, Hwa Chong Institution, Jurong Pioneer Junior College, Nanyang Junior College, and Temasek Junior College. Singaporean students under the programme are eligible for the Chinese Language Elective Scholarship offered by the Ministry of Education.[21]
The Malay Language Elective Programme (MLEP) was introduced in 2001. It is offered at Jurong Pioneer Junior College, National Junior College, Raffles Institution, Tampines Meridian Junior College and Yishun Innova Junior College. Singaporean students under the programme are eligible for the Malay Language Elective Scholarship (MLES) offered by the Ministry of Education.[22]
The Tamil Language Elective Programme (TLEP) was introduced in 2020 at two junior colleges: Anderson Serangoon Junior College[23] and National Junior College.[24] Singaporean students under the programme are eligible for the Tamil Language Elective Scholarship (TLES) offered by the Ministry of Education.[25]
